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Canada deserves to know.
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Bill C-22 (Lawful Access Act, 2026) does not require police to read the content of your communications. It requires "core providers" to retain metadata — who you contacted, when, where, on which device — for one year, on every Canadian. Two former directors of the U.S. National Security Agency have been on record since 2014 that metadata is operationally equivalent-to or more useful than content for surveillance. A Stanford study found that five days of phone metadata is sufficient to identify medical conditions, religious affiliation, and sexual relationships. This article walks through what one year of that data reveals about an ordinary person — not as accusation, but as illustration of what becomes knowable about every Canadian under the bill as drafted.
Bill C-22, the Lawful Access Act 2026, is currently at second reading in the House of Commons. It would grant law enforcement expanded powers to access subscriber information, require telecom and internet providers to retain metadata on all users for up to one year, and authorize secret government orders compelling providers to build surveillance capabilities into their networks.